Mathematically, the force on a particle moving along the x-axis is given by fx=qx2, where q is a constant. This equation is derived from Newton’s second law of motion. The magnitude of this force will be inversely proportional to velocity squared and in direct proportion to mass. One application of this formulae can be seen when modeling rocket propulsion systems. Mathematically, the force on a particle moving along the x-axis is given by fx=qx². This equation is derived from Newton’s second law of motion.

The magnitude of this force will be inversely proportional to velocity squared and directly proportionate to mass. One application of this formulae can be seen when modeling rocket propulsion systems as shown below: The Constant q has three values corresponding with Mach numbers at which maximum thrust are achieved for exhaust gases coming out parallel to axis (lowest) M0 = 0, M¥ = .0594 and M∞ = .2586 (highest). Higher speeds correspond with higher forces because v² > 0 but lower speed corresponds with less kinetic energy so